Examples Arabic Īrabic has been described by Salikoko Mufwene as a world language-albeit a second-tier one after English and French due to limited use as a lingua franca-on the grounds that is a liturgical language amongst Muslim communities worldwide. Other potential indicators are economic strength (measured as the native speakers' GDP), number of countries that use the language as an official language as well as those countries' geographical distribution, international business use, and prevalence in scientific publications. Another indicator is the number of native speakers, which although it is not in itself a criterion for globality, empirically correlates positively with it and may influence it indirectly by making the language more attractive. Chief among these indicators is the number of non-native speakers. factors useful for assessing the extent to which a given language can be considered a world language. Ammon formulates a series of indicators of globality, i.e. in communication where it is not the native language of any of the participants-carrying the most weight. German sociolinguist Ulrich Ammon says that what determines whether something is a world language is its "global function", which is to say its use for global communication, in particular between people who do not share it as a native language and with use as a lingua franca-i.e. Spanish sociolinguist Clare Mar-Molinero proposes a series of tests that a language needs to pass, relating to demographics, attitudes towards the language, and political, legal, economic, scientific, technological, academic, educational, and cultural domains. Linguist Mohamed Benrabah equates the term world language with what Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan refers to as "supercentral languages" in his global language system. One definition proffered by Congolese linguist Salikoko Mufwene is "languages spoken as vernaculars or as lingua francas outside their homelands and by populations other than those ethnically or nationally associated with them". Various definitions of the term world language have been proposed there is no general consensus about which one to use. Some authors consider Latin to have formerly been a world language. Beyond that, there is no academic consensus about which languages qualify Arabic, French, Russian, and Spanish are other possible world languages. Įnglish is the foremost-and by some accounts the only-world language. The term may also be used to refer to constructed international auxiliary languages such as Esperanto. In sociolinguistics, a world language (sometimes global language, rarely international language ) is a language that is geographically widespread and makes it possible for members of different language communities to communicate. Language that is spoken internationally and often learned as a second language
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